Shallow foundations: Types of shallow foundations. General shear, local shear, and punching failure of soils. Bearing capacity of a strip footing. The general bearing capacity equation. Foundation subjected to load eccentricity. Undrained and drained loading conditions. Bearing capacity of foundations on a slope. Bearing capacity according to Eurocode 7 (EC7). Bearing capacity under seismic loading. Bearing capacity of shallow foundations on rock. Settlements: types of settlements and allowable settlements. Elastic settlements. Settlements of shallow foundations on clays and sands.
Deep foundations: Types of piles. Axial bearing capacity of piles. Settlements of piles.
Retaining structures: Types of retaining structures. Earth pressures at rest. Active and passive earth pressures – Rankine and Coulomb theory. Earth pressures according to EC7. The role of groundwater. The role of external loading. Geotechnical design according to EC7: gravity walls, embedded walls (flexible retaining structures – cantilever sheet-pile walls, singly-anchored sheet-pile walls), propped and braced excavations. Retaining structures under seismic loading.
