Introduction to underground mining technology, challenges and issues encountered. Selection of optimal mine access (number, location, type and characteristics). Optimal size of deposit section served by the access works. Tunnel excavation methods and shaft sinking development. Special techniques to address aquifers and unstable formations. Drill-and-blast excavation cycle (drilling, charging, blasting, ventilation, haulage, support).
Introduction to underground mining methods. Main characteristics and prerequisites. Application examples. Mine development works. Determination of annual production and life time of the mine.
Ventilation of underground mines. Principles of air flow and resistance. Determination of required air flow volume. Fan characteristics and connection types. Primary and secondary networks. Solving complex networks. Mine resistance and operating point. Energy requirements.
